"Gebze" meaning in All languages combined

See Gebze on Wiktionary

Proper name [Turkish]

IPA: /ˈɟeb.ze/
Etymology: Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze), from earlier ككبوزه (geğbüze, gekbüze), vulgarized form of Medieval Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza), perhaps a corruption of the original Ancient Greek name Λῐ́βῠσσᾰ (Lĭ́bŭssă). This city was celebrated in antiquity as the place containing the tomb of Hannibal, which was rebuilt by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|tr|ota|كبزه|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=gebze|ts=}} Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze), {{inh+|tr|ota|كبزه|tr=gebze}} Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze), {{der|tr|gkm|τὰ Κίβυζα}} Medieval Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza), {{der|tr|grc|-}} Ancient Greek Head templates: {{head|tr|proper noun}} Gebze Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], Gebze [nominative, singular], Gebzeler [nominative, plural], Gebze'ler [nominative, plural], Gebze'yi [accusative, definite, singular], Gebzeleri [accusative, definite, plural], Gebze'leri [accusative, definite, plural], Gebze'ye [dative, singular], Gebzelere [dative, plural], Gebze'lere [dative, plural], Gebze'de [locative, singular], Gebzelerde [locative, plural], Gebze'lerde [locative, plural], Gebze'den [ablative, singular], Gebzelerden [ablative, plural], Gebze'lerden [ablative, plural], Gebze'nin [genitive, singular], Gebzelerin [genitive, plural], Gebze'lerin [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], Gebze'm [first-person, possessed-single, possessive, singular], Gebzelerim [first-person, possessed-many, possessive, singular], Gebze'lerim [first-person, possessed-many, possessive, singular], Gebze'n [possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], Gebzelerin [possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], Gebze'lerin [possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], Gebze'si [possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], Gebzeleri [possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], Gebze'leri [possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], Gebze'miz [first-person, plural, possessed-single, possessive], Gebzelerimiz [first-person, plural, possessed-many, possessive], Gebze'lerimiz [first-person, plural, possessed-many, possessive], Gebze'niz [plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], Gebzeleriniz [plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], Gebze'leriniz [plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], Gebze'si [plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], Gebzeleri [plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], Gebze'leri [plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], Gebzeleri [plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person], Gebze'leri [plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person]
  1. a district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey Wikipedia link: Hannibal, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Categories (place): Districts of Kocaeli Province, Turkey, Places in Kocaeli Province, Turkey, Places in Turkey Synonyms: Geğbüze, Gibizya Derived forms: Gebzeli
    Sense id: en-Gebze-tr-name-ww2gbS2m Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Turkish entries with incorrect language header
{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "كبزه",
      "كبزه#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "ككبوزه",
      "ككبوزه#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "τὰ Κίβυζα",
      "τὰ Κίβυζα#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "Λῐ́βῠσσᾰ",
      "Λίβυσσα#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "كبزه",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "gebze",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "كبزه",
        "tr": "gebze"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "gkm",
        "3": "τὰ Κίβυζα"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze), from earlier ككبوزه (geğbüze, gekbüze), vulgarized form of Medieval Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza), perhaps a corruption of the original Ancient Greek name Λῐ́βῠσσᾰ (Lĭ́bŭssă). This city was celebrated in antiquity as the place containing the tomb of Hannibal, which was rebuilt by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeler",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'ler",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'yi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'ye",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'de",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'den",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'nin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-poss-prop-v-ei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'si",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'miz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'niz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleriniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leriniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'si",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "Gebze",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "tr",
          "name": "Districts of Kocaeli Province, Turkey",
          "orig": "tr:Districts of Kocaeli Province, Turkey",
          "parents": [
            "Districts",
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "tr",
          "name": "Places in Kocaeli Province, Turkey",
          "orig": "tr:Places in Kocaeli Province, Turkey",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "tr",
          "name": "Places in Turkey",
          "orig": "tr:Places in Turkey",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "Gebzeli"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey"
      ],
      "id": "en-Gebze-tr-name-ww2gbS2m",
      "links": [
        [
          "district",
          "district"
        ],
        [
          "Kocaeli",
          "Kocaeli#English"
        ],
        [
          "Turkey",
          "Turkey#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Geğbüze"
        },
        {
          "word": "Gibizya"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Hannibal",
        "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɟeb.ze/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Gebze"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Gebzeli"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "كبزه",
      "كبزه#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "ككبوزه",
      "ككبوزه#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "τὰ Κίβυζα",
      "τὰ Κίβυζα#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "Λῐ́βῠσσᾰ",
      "Λίβυσσα#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "كبزه",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "gebze",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "كبزه",
        "tr": "gebze"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "gkm",
        "3": "τὰ Κίβυζα"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كبزه (gebze), from earlier ككبوزه (geğbüze, gekbüze), vulgarized form of Medieval Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza), perhaps a corruption of the original Ancient Greek name Λῐ́βῠσσᾰ (Lĭ́bŭssă). This city was celebrated in antiquity as the place containing the tomb of Hannibal, which was rebuilt by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeler",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'ler",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'yi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'ye",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'de",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'den",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'nin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-poss-prop-v-ei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'si",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'miz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzelerimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'lerimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'niz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleriniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leriniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'si",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebzeleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Gebze'leri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "Gebze",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Turkish lemmas",
        "Turkish proper nouns",
        "Turkish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Turkish terms derived from Medieval Greek",
        "Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
        "Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
        "Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "tr:Districts of Kocaeli Province, Turkey",
        "tr:Places in Kocaeli Province, Turkey",
        "tr:Places in Turkey"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "district",
          "district"
        ],
        [
          "Kocaeli",
          "Kocaeli#English"
        ],
        [
          "Turkey",
          "Turkey#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Geğbüze"
        },
        {
          "word": "Gibizya"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Hannibal",
        "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɟeb.ze/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Gebze"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Gebze meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.